RNA polymerase, transcription and translation
549 views · Published 22 April 2017 · 8:07 · Indexed 14 November 2026
Channel: Nikolay's Genetics Lessons · 2017 · Education
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of primary transcript mRNA (known as pre-mRNA) by RNA polymerase, processed, mature mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology. As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three base pairs each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. This process of translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA), that mediates recognition of the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that is the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery. The existence of mRNA was first suggested by Jacques Monod and François Jacob, and subsequently discovered by Jacob, Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson at the California Institute of Technology in 1961. Problems: What area of a gene does the RNA polymerase bind to A) promoter * B) exon C) intron D) start codon The synthesis of messenger RNA is called translation. A) True B) False *
More from this channel
-
5:53
Gene expression
-
9:07
What are the Light and Heavy strands of DNA?
-
17:08
Mitosis and meiosis
-
14:48
Haplodyploidy in honeybees
-
7:12
Single stranded DNA
-
4:51
How message RNA is read: duplets, triplets or tetraplets?
-
4:11
Gregor Mendel, questions and facts
-
8:21
Сongenital baldness inheritance in birds ZZ/ZW